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The PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction is awarded annually by the PEN/Faulkner Foundation to the authors of the year's best works of fiction by living American citizens.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.penfaulkner.org/award_for_fiction )〕 The winner receives US $15,000 and each of four runners-up receives US $5000. Finalists read from their works at the presentation ceremony in the Great Hall of the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, D.C.. The organization claims it to be "the largest peer-juried award in the country."〔 The award was first given in 1981. The PEN/Faulkner Foundation is an outgrowth of William Faulkner's generosity in using his 1949 Nobel Prize winnings to create the William Faulkner Foundation; among the charitable goals of the foundation was "to establish a fund to support and encourage new fiction writers." The foundation's first award for a "notable first novel," called the William Faulkner Foundation Award, was granted to John Knowles's ''A Separate Peace'' in 1961. The foundation was dissolved after 1970. Mary Lee Settle was one of the founders of the PEN/Faulkner award after controversy at the 1979 National Book Award, when PEN voted a boycott on the ground that they were too commercial.〔 It is affiliated with the writers' organization International PEN. The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN affiliates in over 145 PEN centres around the world. ==PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction== *1981 - Walter Abish, ''How German Is It''〔"Past Winners and Finalists," last modified 2015, http://www.penfaulkner.org/award-for-fiction/past-award-winners-finalists/〕 * *Shirley Hazard, ''The Transit of Venus'' * *Walker Percy, ''The Second Coming'' * *Gilbert Sorrentino, ''Aberration of Starlight'' * *John Kennedy Toole, ''A Confederacy of Dunces'' *1982 - David Bradley, ''The Chaneysville Incident'' * *Donald Barthelme, ''Sixty Stories'' * *Richard Bausch, ''Take Me Back'' * *Mark Helprin, ''Ellis Island and Other Stories'' * *Marilynne Robinson, ''Housekeeping'' * *Robert Stone, ''A Flag for Sunrise'' *1983 - Toby Olson, ''Seaview'' * *Maureen Howard, ''Grace Abounding'' * *Bobbie Ann Mason, ''Shiloh and Other Stories'' * *George Steiner, ''The Portage to San Cristobal of A.H.'' * *Anne Tyler, ''Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant'' * *William S. Wilson, ''Birthplace'' *1984 - John Edgar Wideman, ''Sent for You Yesterday'' * *Ron Hansen, ''The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford'' * *William Kennedy, ''Ironweed'' * *Jamaica Kincaid, ''At the Bottom of the River'' * *Bernard Malamud, ''The Stories'' * *Cynthia Ozick, ''The Cannibal Galaxy'' *1985 - Tobias Wolff, ''The Barracks Thief'' * *Harriet Doerr, ''Stones for Ibarra'' * *Donald Hays, ''The Dixie Association'' * *David Leavitt, ''Family Dancing'' * *James Purdy, ''On Glory's Course'' *1986 - Peter Taylor, ''The Old Forest and Other Stories'' * *William Gaddis, ''Carpenter's Gothic'' * *Larry McMurtry, ''Lonesome Dove'' * *Hugh Nissenson, ''The Tree of Life'' * *Helen Norris, ''The Christmas Wife: Stories'' * *Grace Paley, ''Later the Same Day'' *1987 - Richard Wiley, ''Soldiers in Hiding'' * *Richard Ford, ''The Sportswriter'' * *Charles R. Johnson, ''The Sorcerer's Apprentice'' * *Janet Kauffman, ''Collaborators'' * *Maureen Howard, ''Expensive Habits'' *1988 - T. Coraghessan Boyle, ''World's End'' * *Richard Bausch, ''Spirits, And Other Stories'' * *Alice McDermott, ''That Night'' * *Cynthia Ozick, ''The Messiah of Stockholm'' * *Lawrence Thornton, ''Imagining Argentina'' *1989 - James Salter, ''Dusk and Other Stories'' * *Mary McGarry Morris, ''Vanished'' * *Thomas Savage, ''The Corner of Rife and Pacific'' * *Isaac Bashevis Singer, ''The Death of Methuselah and Other Stories'' *1990 - E.L. Doctorow, ''Billy Bathgate'' * *Russell Banks, ''Affliction'' * *Molly Gloss, ''The Jump-Off Creek'' * *Josephine Jacobsen, ''On the Island: New and Selected Stories'' * *Lynne Sharon Schwartz, ''Leaving Brooklyn'' *1991 - John Edgar Wideman, ''Philadelphia Fire'' * *Paul Auster, ''The Music of Chance'' * *Joanne Meschery, ''A Gentleman's Guide to the Frontier'' * *Steven Millhauser, ''The Barnum Museum'' * *Joanna Scott. ''Arrogance'' *1992 - Don DeLillo, ''Mao II'' * *Stephen Dixon, ''Frog'' * *Paul Gervais (writer), ''Extraordinary People'' * *Allan Gurganus, ''White People'' *1993 - E. Annie Proulx, ''Postcards'' * *Robert Olen Butler, ''A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain'' * *Francisco Goldman, ''The Long Night of White Chickens'' * *Maureen Howard, ''Natural History'' * *Sylvia Watanabe, ''Talking to the Dead'' *1994 - Philip Roth, ''Operation Shylock'' * *Stanley Elkin, ''Van Gogh's Room at Arles'' * *Dagoberto Gilb, ''The Magic of Blood'' * *Fae Myenne Ng, ''Bone'' * *Kate Wheeler, ''Not Where I Started From'' *1995 - David Guterson, ''Snow Falling on Cedars'' * *Frederick Busch, ''The Children in the Woods'' * *Ursula Hegi, ''Stones from the River'' * *Joyce Carol Oates, ''What I Lived For'' * *Joanna Scott, ''Various Antidotes'' *1996 - Richard Ford, ''Independence Day'' * *Madison Smartt Bell, ''All Souls' Rising'' * *William H. Gass, ''The Tunnel'' * *Claire Messud, ''When The World Was Steady'' * *A.J. Verdelle, ''The Good Negress'' *1997 - Gina Berriault, ''Women in Their Beds'' * *Daniel Akst, ''St. Burl's Obituary'' * *Kathleen Cambor, ''The Book of Mercy'' * *Ron Hansen, ''Atticus'' * *Jamaica Kincaid, ''The Autobiography of My Mother'' *1998 - Rafi Zabor, ''The Bear Comes Home'' * *Donald Antrim, ''The Hundred Brothers'' * *Rilla Askew, ''The Mercy Seat'' * *Mary Gaitskill, ''Because They Wanted To'' * *Francisco Goldman, ''The Ordinary Seaman'' *1999 - Michael Cunningham, ''The Hours'' * *Russell Banks, ''Cloudsplitter'' * *Barbara Kingsolver, ''The Poisonwood Bible'' * *Brian Morton, ''Starting Out in the Evening'' * *Richard Selzer, ''The Doctor Stories'' *2000 - Ha Jin, ''Waiting'' * *Frederick Busch, ''The Night Inspector'' * *Ken Kalfus, ''Pu-239 And Other Russian Fantasies'' * *Elizabeth Strout, ''Amy And Isabelle'' * *Lily Tuck, ''Siam, or the Woman Who Shot a Man'' *2001 - Philip Roth, ''The Human Stain'' * *Michael Chabon, ''The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay'' * *Millicent Dillon, ''Harry Gold'' * *Denis Johnson, ''The Name of the World'' * *Mona Simpson, ''Off Keck Road'' *2002 - Ann Patchett, ''Bel Canto'' * *Karen Joy Fowler, ''Sister Noon'' * *Jonathan Franzen, ''The Corrections'' * *Claire Messud, ''The Hunters'' * *Manil Suri, ''The Death of Vishnu'' *2003 - Sabina Murray, ''The Caprices'' * *Peter Cameron, ''The City of Your Final Destination'' * *William Kennedy, ''Roscoe'' * *Victor LaValle, ''The Ecstatic'' * *Gilbert Sorrentino, ''Little Casino'' *2004 - John Updike, ''The Early Stories: 1953–1975'' * *Frederick Barthelme, ''Elroy Nights'' * *ZZ Packer, ''Drinking Coffee Elsewhere'' * *Caryl Phillips, ''A Distant Shore'' * *Tobias Wolff, ''Old School'' *2005 - Ha Jin, ''War Trash'' * *Jerome Charyn, ''The Green Lantern'' * *Edwidge Danticat, ''The Dew Breaker'' * *Marilynne Robinson, ''Gilead'' * *Steve Yarbrough, ''Prisoners of War'' *2006 - E.L. Doctorow, ''The March'' * *Karen Fisher, ''A Sudden Country'' * *William Henry Lewis, ''I Got Somebody in Staunton'' * *James Salter, ''Last Night'' * *Bruce Wagner, ''The Chrysanthemum Palace'' *2007 - Philip Roth, ''Everyman'' * *Charles D'Ambrosio, ''The Dead Fish Museum'' * *Deborah Eisenberg, ''Twilight of the Superheroes'' * *Amy Hempel, ''The Collected Stories of Amy Hempel'' * *Edward P. Jones, ''All Aunt Hagar's Children'' *2008 - Kate Christensen, ''The Great Man'' * *Annie Dillard, ''The Maytrees'' * *David Leavitt, ''The Indian Clerk'' * *T. M. McNally, ''The Gateway'' * *Ron Rash, ''Chemistry and Other Stories'' *2009 - Joseph O'Neill, ''Netherland'' * *Sarah Shun-lien Bynum, ''Ms. Hempel Chronicles'' * *Susan Choi, ''A Person of Interest'' * *Richard Price, ''Lush Life'' * *Ron Rash, ''Serena'' *2010 - Sherman Alexie, ''War Dances'' * *Barbara Kingsolver, ''The Lacuna'' * *Lorraine Lopéz, ''Homicide Survivors Picnic'' * *Lorrie Moore, ''A Gate at the Stairs'' * *Colson Whitehead, ''Sag Harbor'' *2011 - Deborah Eisenberg, ''The Collected Stories of Deborah Eisenberg'' * *Jennifer Egan, ''A Visit from the Goon Squad'' * *Jaimy Gordon, ''Lord of Misrule'' * *Eric Puchner, ''Model Home'' * *Brad Watson, ''Aliens in the Prime of Their Lives: Stories'' *2012 - Julie Otsuka, ''The Buddha in the Attic'' * *Russell Banks, ''Lost Memory of Skin'' * *Don DeLillo, ''The Angel Esmeralda'' * *Anita Desai, ''The Artist of Disappearance'' * *Steven Millhauser, ''We Others: New and Selected Stories'' *2013 - Benjamin Alire Sáenz, ''Everything Begins and Ends at the Kentucky Club'' * *Amelia Gray, ''THREATS'' * *Laird Hunt, ''Kind One'' * *T. Geronimo Johnson, ''Hold It 'Til It Hurts'' * *Thomas Mallon, ''Watergate'' *2014 - Karen Joy Fowler, ''We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves'' * *Daniel Alarcón, ''At Night We Walk in Circles'' * *Percival Everett, ''Percival Everett by Virgil Russell'' * *Joan Silber, ''Fools'' * *Valerie Trueblood, ''Search Party: Stories of Rescue'' *2015 - Atticus Lish, ''Preparation for the Next Life'' * *Jeffrey Renard Allen, ''Song of the Shank'' * *Jennifer Clement, ''Prayers for the Stolen'' * *Emily St. John Mandel, ''Station Eleven'' * *Jenny Offill, ''Dept. of Speculation'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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